North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE) Practice Test

For a mare with swollen mandibular lymph nodes and elevated temperature, what should be done first?

1. Administer corticosteroids

2. Culture the discharge for bacteria

3. Inform the state veterinarian

4. Administer penicillin

The correct answer is: Culture the discharge for bacteria

The first step in managing a mare with swollen mandibular lymph nodes and an elevated temperature is to culture the discharge for bacteria. This is crucial because identifying the specific pathogen responsible for the infection allows for targeted treatment. Collecting a culture provides valuable information to determine whether the cause is bacterial, viral, or due to another underlying issue. In the case of lymphadenopathy and fever, it is possible that the mare may have an abscess or lymphadenitis caused by a bacterial agent, such as Streptococcus equi, which can cause strangles. Understanding the pathogen will guide antibiotic therapy and other treatments effectively. Starting treatment with antibiotics, such as penicillin, without knowing the specific bacteria can lead to incorrect management, especially considering the risk of developing antibiotic resistance and potentially delaying effective care. Similarly, administering corticosteroids could suppress the immune response and potentially worsen the infection. Informing the state veterinarian might be necessary later if there are indications of a reportable disease or public health concern, but initial management should focus on diagnosis through culture.