North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE) Practice Test

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Which tumor type are cats at risk of developing at vaccination sites?

Squamous cell carcinoma
Fibrosarcoma
Melanoma
Lymphoma

The correct answer is: Fibrosarcoma

Cats are at risk of developing fibrosarcomas at vaccination sites, a phenomenon observed with increasing frequency since the 1990s. These tumors are thought to arise due to a chronic inflammatory response to the vaccine, which can lead to the development of a sarcoma in certain predisposed individuals. This condition is specifically known as vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma (VAFS). When cats receive vaccinations, the injection can cause localized inflammation and tissue damage. In some cases, this can instigate an abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts and resultant tumor formation. Fibrosarcomas, characterized as malignant connective tissue tumors, often present weeks to months after vaccination, and they can be aggressive, requiring surgical intervention and possibly adjuvant therapy. While squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and lymphoma are important tumor types in feline oncology, the link between vaccination and the development of fibrosarcomas is particularly well-documented, making it a critical concern for veterinarians and cat owners alike. It's essential to monitor vaccination sites for unusual swelling or growths and to take appropriate action if abnormalities develop.